Bio430
Violaceae
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Contemporary Circumscription Compared with A Utah Flora 4th ed.
No differences.
Key Features
Herbs (in termperate regions) with zygomorphic flowers; the lowermost petal spurred and the lowermost two anthers spurred. Sepals ariculate. Cliestogamous flowers common and often hidden among basal leaves. Stipules present.
Viola in fruit along a wooded trail in Missouri
Viola cuneata
Vio9la cuneata
Viola cuneata -- as the valves dry, the edges press together and forcefully expel the seeds some distance from the fruit
Viola nutallii - Cliestogamous flowers at base of plant
Maturing fruits
Viola nutallii - Chasmogamous flowers
Fruit dehiscing - how many valves? how many carpels?
Parietal placentation; how many carpels formed this ovary? how many placentas can you see?
Viola adunca - Indian Creek, UT
Viola adunca
Viola adunca
Viola adunca - compare the length of the spur other photos on this page
Viola nephrophylla
Viola nephrophylla
Viola purpurea - El dorado co., CA
Viola purpurea
Viola purpurea fruit maturing from cliestogamous flower
Viola lobata
Hybanthus concolor - North Carolina
Hybanthus concolor flowers - North Carolina
Viola sp. - Chile
Viola species - Chile